When to See a Cardiologist for Dizziness or Palpitations

Certain patterns of symptoms may signal a more severe condition. Paying attention to how these symptoms present can help determine when medical evaluation is necessary. Red flags include:

• Associated chest pain or discomfort: Symptoms that occur together with chest discomfort, shortness of breath or a feeling of pressure in the chest
• High frequency and duration: Recurring or worsening symptoms over time, which may become prolonged with each episode
• Triggered by exertion: Symptoms that flare up when a person carries out physical activity, signalling that the heart is under strain
• Delayed recovery after episodes: Taking longer than usual to feel normal or comfortable after experiencing symptoms, possibly with effects that linger for hours

These symptoms are particularly concerning, as they indicate that the heart is under strain and that the underlying cause is potentially getting worse.

Certain individuals may have a higher likelihood of underlying heart-related causes. If you fall under one of these categories and are experiencing symptoms, it may be important to seek out a heart screening:

Older Adults

The likelihood of cardiovascular conditions increases with age, as the heart and blood vessels naturally undergo changes over time. Older adults may be more prone to symptoms such as giddiness, fainting or palpitations, particularly if there are underlying conditions that have developed gradually. These symptoms may also present more subtly, making early evaluation important to detect and manage potential issues.

Family History of Heart Disease

Individuals with a family history of heart conditions or sudden cardiac events may have a higher risk of developing similar issues. This is especially relevant if close relatives were diagnosed at a younger age. Genetic factors can influence the development of your heart, so experiencing these symptoms when you have a pre-existing family history of heart disease should prompt closer attention.

Existing Medical Conditions

Chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol can place ongoing strain on the heart and blood vessels. Over time, these conditions may contribute to changes in circulation, heart rhythm or overall cardiac function. Individuals with these conditions may be more likely to experience symptoms, particularly if their condition is not well controlled.

Smokers or Individuals with Sedentary Lifestyles

People who smoke or have low levels of physical activity may be at increased risk of cardiovascular problems. Smoking can damage blood vessels and reduce oxygen delivery throughout the body, while a sedentary lifestyle may contribute to poor heart health and reduced circulation. Together, these factors can increase the likelihood of experiencing symptoms.

Giddiness, fainting and palpitations can arise from a range of underlying heart conditions. Understanding the possible causes can help you recognise when these symptoms may require further evaluation.

Abnormal Heart Rhythm

Abnormal heart rhythms, also known as arrhythmias, occur when the electrical signals that control the heartbeat become irregular. This can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow or erratically. Atrial fibrillation is one of the more common types, where the upper chambers of the heart beat in a disorganised manner, leading to an irregular and often rapid pulse.

These rhythm disturbances can reduce how effectively the heart pumps blood, which may result in discomfort and disruptions to your daily life. Early detection is important, as some irregular heart rhythms may increase the risk of experiencing a stroke if not properly treated.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Coronary artery disease develops when the blood vessels supplying the heart become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of fatty deposits. This restricts blood flow to the heart muscle, particularly during periods of increased demand such as physical activity or stress.

As a result, individuals may experience symptoms like chest discomfort, shortness of breath or dizziness. In some cases, reduced blood flow can also trigger palpitations or lead to fainting episodes.

Identifying and managing coronary artery disease early can help prevent more serious events, including heart attacks.

Heart Failure

Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs. This does not mean the heart has stopped working, but rather that its function is impaired. It can develop gradually over time or occur following damage to the heart, such as after a heart attack.

When the heart’s pumping ability is reduced, it can lead to a range of symptoms including fatigue, breathlessness, fluid retention and episodes of dizziness. Palpitations may also occur as the heart attempts to compensate for reduced efficiency. Early assessment and management can help control symptoms and improve quality of life.

Heart Muscle Disorder (Cardiomyopathy)

Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle that affect its structure and function. The heart muscle may become thickened, enlarged or stiff, making it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively.

Individuals with cardiomyopathy may experience symptoms such as palpitations, lightheadedness or fainting, particularly during exertion. In some cases, the condition may remain undetected until symptoms become more pronounced.

• Resting ECG (Electrocardiogram)

  : A quick, non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It helps detect abnormal heart rhythms, previous heart damage and other electrical disturbances.

• Echocardiogram (Ultrasound)

  : An imaging test that uses ultrasound to evaluate the heart’s structure and function. It allows the cardiologist to assess heart chambers, valves and pumping ability.

• Fasting Blood and Urine Testing

  : These tests provide a broader picture of your overall health and cardiovascular risk. They help check for conditions such as high cholesterol, diabetes and kidney or liver issues, which can affect heart function. Urine tests may also detect early signs of strain on the kidneys, offering additional insight into your cardiovascular health.

• CT Coronary Angiogram

  : A detailed imaging scan that visualises the coronary arteries to detect narrowing or blockages. It is useful for assessing the presence of coronary artery disease.

• CT Calcium Score

  : A specialised scan that measures calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. It helps estimate the risk of coronary artery disease, even before symptoms become more apparent.